No, Safe Mode with Command Prompt does not offer Network Connectivity so that will not do you any good.
I'd suggest you temporarily connect the Host directly to the LAN or Router using an Ethernet Cable and then see if WPA will work. If it does great, then you can switch back to your USB WiFi Network Adapter on the Host. If it doesn't, then I hate to say this but, this is not necessarily a VMware issue per se in that WPA is a Microsoft End User Issue and you should contact Microsoft directly to resolve your Microsoft Windows WPA issue.